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Cart before the horse
The expression ''cart before the horse'' is an idiom or proverb used to suggest something is done contrary to a conventional or culturally expected order or relationship.〔Whiting, Bartlett J. (1977). ( ''Early American Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases,'' p. 58 ).〕 A cart is a vehicle which is ordinarily pulled by a horse, so to put the cart before the horse is an analogy for doing things in the wrong order.〔Walter, Elizabeth. (2008). (''Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary,'' p. 209 ).〕 The figure of speech means doing things the wrong way round or with the wrong emphasis. The idiom is about confusing cause and effect.〔Wilkinson, Peter Richard. (2008). (''Concise Thesaurus of Traditional English Metaphors,'' p. 171 ).〕
The meaning of the phrase is based on the assumption that it is usually easier to pull than to push.〔Shipley, Joseph Twadell. (200). (''The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Dictionary of Indo-European Roots,'' p. 113 ).〕
==History==
The earliest recorded use of the proverb was in the early 16th century.〔Apperson, George Latimer. (2006). ( ''The Wordsworth dictionary of proverbs,'' p. 85 ); Manser, Martin H. (2007). ( ''The Facts on File Dictionary of Proverbs, p. 63 ); excerpt, "The proverb was first recorded in this form c. 1520."〕 It was a figure of speech in the Renaissance.〔Adamson, Sylvia ''et al.'' (2007). ( ''Renaissance Figures of Speech,'' p. 133 ).〕
As a matter of fact, there are some examples of vehicles pushed by horses in 19th-century Germany〔Knight, John. (1835). (''Mechanics' Magazine, and Journal of the Mechanics' Institute,'' Vol. 4, p. 363 ).〕 and early 20th-century France.〔( "Cart before the horse," ''Popular Mechanics,'' April 1907, p. 425 ); excerpt, " ... 1- hp motor ... two speeds forward; the machine is not constructed to reverse. No lines are used, the conveyance being directed by means of a steering wheel ...."〕
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